As - Tiberius Countermarked cereal ear

Historical Context: This bronze As, issued by the Roman colony of Calagurris in Hispania Citerior during the reign of Tiberius (14-37 CE), offers a compelling glimpse into early imperial provincial monetary practices. The coin's primary significance lies in its distinctive countermark: a cereal ear (ACIP#3128.a, CM 88). Such countermarks were frequently applied to revalidate existing coinage, extend its circulation, or signify a change in authority or economic policy, often in response to local currency shortages or specific fiscal needs related to grain supply, a vital commodity for the city.

Artistry: While the original obverse likely featured a portrait of Tiberius, and the reverse a local or imperial motif typical of Calagurris, the artistic focus shifts to the countermark. Applied by local authorities, the cereal ear motif is a powerful symbol of agricultural abundance, prosperity, and possibly the cult of Ceres, reflecting the region's economic foundations. The stylistic school is characteristic of Roman provincial coinage, displaying a more localized, less refined execution compared to metropolitan issues, yet possessing a distinct regional identity in its design choices.

Technical/Grading: This bronze As, weighing 11.41 grams and measuring 28 mm, falls within the expected parameters for the denomination. Provincial issues often exhibit variations in flan preparation and strike quality; thus, assessing high-points would typically focus on the clarity of Tiberius's portrait details (hair, nose, eye) and any reverse motifs. Crucially, the countermark's application is key: a well-struck cereal ear will show distinct individual grains and stalks. Weak strikes or irregular flans are common, but a clear, well-centered countermark significantly enhances desirability and technical merit.