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As - Augustus L VALENTINO M CA I II VIR L NOVO
| Issuer | Calagurris |
|---|---|
| Year | 2 BC - 14 AD |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | A bull standing right, rendered in sturdy provincial style within a dotted border. The magistrates' names and titles are distributed around the field and periphery: L VALENTINO and M CA appear in the upper legend, II VIR occupies the central field to the right of the bull, and L NOVO appears in the lower exergual area, identifying the two local duoviri (IIviri) responsible for the issue at the municipium of Calagurris in Hispania Tarraconensis. The overall composition is characteristic of Augustan-era Hispanic civic bronze coinage. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Calagurris — modern Calahorra in La Rioja — was one of a cluster of Hispanic municipalities that issued bronze coinage under Augustus, a privilege tied to the town's status as a Roman colony founded by Pompey following the Sertorian War. The duoviri named in the legend, Valentino and Novo, were local magistrates whose names appear across several die pairings catalogued under RPC I 445, suggesting a reasonably sustained local issue rather than a single ceremonial striking.
Production of municipal bronze in Hispania largely ceased under Caligula, making Augustan-era Spanish civic issues the terminal point of a centuries-long western tradition of locally administered coinage.