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As
| Issuer | Carmo, City of |
|---|---|
| Year | 150 BC - 101 BC |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse description | A spread-winged eagle displayed facing left, rendered in low relief with feathered wings outstretched and tail feathers visible below. Above the eagle, within the field, the Latin legend KARMO is inscribed, identifying the issuing city of Carmo (modern Carmona, Hispania Ulterior). The design is contained within a shallow linear border, and the overall composition reflects the Ibero-Roman municipal coinage tradition of the late 2nd century BC. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | KARMO |
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| Additional information |
Carmo — modern Carmona, in the Guadalquivir valley — was among the most strategically significant towns in Hispania Ulterior, and its bronze coinage was struck during a period when Roman administrative control over southern Iberia was still being consolidated after the Lusitanian and Celtiberian wars. Local Iberian mints like Carmo operated with considerable autonomy, issuing civic bronze that circulated regionally rather than feeding Roman fiscal infrastructure directly.
The ACIP 2401 attribution places this piece within the sequence established by Villaronga and Benages, where Carmo's issues are distinguished by their Iberian script legends — among the better-documented epigraphic evidence for the Turdetanian writing system.