Agnel 'Mouton d'Or' - Arnold of Oreye

Historical Context: This Agnel 'Mouton d'Or' was issued by Arnold IV of Oreye, Lord of Rummen, between 1357 and 1370. Arnold was a powerful and often rebellious figure in the Low Countries, frequently clashing with the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the Duchy of Brabant. Rummen, though a minor lordship, asserted its sovereignty through the right to mint gold coinage. The issuance of such a gold piece, mirroring types struck by major European powers, underscored Arnold's ambition and economic standing amidst widespread political instability, marking a significant declaration of independence.

Artistry: The coin adheres to the established Gothic numismatic tradition of the 14th century, characteristic of the 'Mouton d'Or' type. The obverse prominently features the Agnus Dei, or Paschal Lamb, standing left with its head reverted, holding a cruciform banner. This religious iconography was widely adopted across Europe. The reverse typically displays a florid cross within a quatrefoil or similar geometric design. While no specific engraver is known, the style reflects the prevailing aesthetic of the era, emphasizing clear, stylized religious motifs and legible legends, which would include Arnold's name and title.

Technical/Grading: Struck in gold at 4.64 grams, this issue exhibits typical characteristics of medieval hammer-struck coinage. High-points susceptible to wear or weakness include the lamb's head, the banner, and the central elements of the cross on the reverse. Collectors should anticipate variations in strike quality, such as minor off-centring or areas of flatness, particularly in the fine details of the lamb's fleece or the legends near the rim. A well-preserved example would show strong detail in the lamb's features and clear legends, with a relatively round and evenly struck planchet.