Æ34 - Valerian and Gallienus ϹΑΜΙΩ/Ν

Samos, though by the mid-third century long stripped of political independence, retained its civic coinage rights under the Ionian conventus administered from Miletus — a privilege the city exercised aggressively during the joint reign of Valerian I and his son Gallienus. The co-regency coinage from eastern provincial mints is notoriously difficult to sequence, as output responded more to local priestly calendars and civic benefactions than to imperial chronology.

The X# reference places this outside the standard RPC or SNG frameworks, suggesting attribution has been resolved relatively recently through die studies rather than longstanding catalog tradition.