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Æ32 - Valerian and Gallienus ΕΦΕϹΙΩΝ Α ΑϹΙΑϹ
| Issuer | Ephesus Mint (Provincial coinage, Conventus of Ephesus, Roman Asia) |
|---|---|
| Year | 253-268 |
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| Composition | Bronze |
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| Reverse description | Artemis Huntress depicted standing facing, with head turned to the right, holding a bow in her extended left hand while her right hand reaches back over the shoulder to draw an arrow from the quiver. A tree occupies the left field, serving as a naturalistic compositional element typical of provincial Artemis types associated with Ephesus, the goddess's sacred city. The reverse legend is distributed around the periphery in Greek majuscule lettering, proclaiming the city's prestigious title as first of Asia. |
| Reverse script | Greek |
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| Additional information |
Ephesus held the title of "First City of Asia" — the ΕΦΕϹΙΩΝ Α ΑϹΙΑϹ legend on this coin is that claim made in bronze. The designation was fiercely contested among Smyrna, Pergamon, and Ephesus throughout the imperial period, settled temporarily by imperial favor and periodically relitigated through embassies to Rome. Ephesus secured its primacy partly through its role as seat of the proconsul of Asia.
The joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus coincided with the empire's worst third-century crisis — Valerian's capture by Shapur I at Edessa in 260 rendered him the only Roman emperor taken prisoner in battle, cutting the co-reign abruptly short.