Æ32 - Septimius Severus COL IVL CONC AVG APAM D D

Apamea in Bithynia held the rank of Roman colony, a status reflected in the COL IVL CONC AVG legend — the "Iulia Concordia Augusta" title granted under Julius Caesar's or Augustus's reorganization of the region, and proudly retained on civic bronze for centuries afterward. Colonial bronzes of this kind were produced at local expense under senatorial authorization, the D D formula ("Decreto Decurionum") indicating the town council formally voted to issue the coin — a reminder that provincial minting was a civic act, not a reflex of imperial machinery.