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Æ32 - Caracalla ΕΦΕϹΙΩΝ ΤΡΙϹ ΝΕΟΚΟΡΩΝ, ΚΑΙ ΤΗϹ ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΟϹ
| Issuer | Ephesus (Conventus of Ephesus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 198-217 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Reverse description | A standing male figure, tentatively identified as Sarapis, is depicted to the right holding a sceptre, accompanied by a bull standing right; both figures face the renowned cult statue of Artemis of Ephesus, shown standing frontally, wearing a kalathos (polos crown) atop her head and supported by lateral props or caryatid supports characteristic of the Ephesian Artemis type. The composition celebrates the city's triple neocorate status and its special devotion to Artemis. The encircling Greek legend proclaims Ephesus as thrice neocorate and the city of Artemis. |
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| Mint | Ephesus |
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| Additional information |
Ephesus held the title of neokoros — temple warden — three times over by Caracalla's reign, a distinction it wore aggressively in civic competition with Smyrna and Pergamon. The inclusion of Artemis in the civic title formula was specific to Ephesus, reflecting the temple's federal religious status across the province of Asia rather than simple local pride. These honorific titles were granted by Rome and fiercely litigated; cities occasionally lost them as political punishment.