Æ28 - Philip I ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩΝ

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正面文字	Greek
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背面描述	Athena, the patron goddess of Nicaea, depicted in full figure standing to the left, clad in a short chiton with aegis, extending her right hand forward to hold a patera and grasping a long spear vertically in her left hand. A round shield rests at her feet to the lower left, a standard attribute of the armed goddess. The composition is rendered in the bold, somewhat provincial style typical of Bithynian civic bronzes. The ethnic legend ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩΝ encircles the field, proclaiming the civic identity of the issuing city.
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附加信息	Philip I came to power in 244 AD by negotiating directly with Shapur I following the death of Gordian III — almost certainly by arrangement rather than accident. Nicaea, as one of the principal cities of Bithynia, struck civic bronzes under Philip in the usual pattern of provincial autonomy, the city's mint operating independently of the imperial system at Rome. The reference VIII#19886 places this within the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum or a related corpora framework for Bithynian civic issues, where die studies have shown considerable variation in module and fabric across Philip's short reign.

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