Æ28 - Philip I ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩΝ

Nicaea's civic bronze issues under Philip I reflect the city's continued investment in local prestige coinage during a reign defined more by military crisis than administrative stability — Philip was managing Gothic pressure on the Danubian frontier and the fallout from Gordian III's death almost simultaneously. Civic mints in Bithynia operated with considerable autonomy during this period, producing bronze for local exchange while the imperial mints focused on silver.

The ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩΝ ethnic places this squarely within Nicaea's own civic identity, distinct from the Roman colonial apparatus.