Æ27 - Philip I ΙΟΥΛΙΟΠΟΛΕΙΤΩΝ

Iuliopolis was a minor Bithynian city with an outsized civic pride — it claimed foundation by Nicomedes, though the city's real moment of distinction came when Strabo noted it as the last settlement before the difficult mountain crossing into Galatia, making it a genuine waypoint on one of Anatolia's main transit corridors. Under Philip I, provincial bronze issues like this one were the product of individual city mints operating with considerable autonomy, choosing their own types and funding strikes from local civic budgets rather than imperial direction. The arrangement ended definitively around 260 AD when Gallienus effectively closed the provincial mint system.