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Æ25 - Maximinus ΕΠ Ϲ ΑΠΦΙΑΝΟΥ (or ΑΦΦΙΑΝΟΥ) ΦΩΚΑΙ
| Issuer | Phocaea (Conventus of Smyrna) |
|---|---|
| Year | 235-238 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of the personified Roman Senate facing right, depicted as a bearded male figure wearing a wreath, rendered in the provincial Greek style typical of Asia Minor issues of the Severan period. The circular legend ΙΕΡΑ ϹΥΝΚΛΗΤΟϹ surrounds the bust, identifying the effigy as the Sacred Senate. The drapery is rendered in bold, slightly rough relief characteristic of Phocaean provincial coinage. The figure conveys senatorial authority through its dignified, frontal-leaning posture and heavily draped paludamentum. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ΙΕΡΑ ϹΥΝΚΛΗΤΟϹ (Translation: Sacred Senate) |
| Reverse description | Standing city goddess (Tyche) of Phocaea depicted facing, her head turned to the left, extending a patera in her right hand toward the goddess Cybele. Cybele stands to the left, also holding a patera, flanked symmetrically by two lions at her sides in heraldic pose, evoking her role as Mater Magna. The reverse legend in the field and exergue references the local magistrate Apphianos, reading ΕΠ Ϲ ΑΠΦΙΑΝΟΥ (or ΑΦΦΙΑΝΟΥ) ΦΩΚΑΙ, identifying this as a civic issue of the Phocaeans struck under the strategos Apphianos. The composition reflects the religious importance of Cybele within the civic identity of Phocaea during the reign of Maximinus Thrax. |
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