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Æ23 - Caracalla ΝΕΙΚΑΕΩΝ ΚΙΛΒΙΑΝΩΝ
| Issuer | Nicaea Cilbianorum (Lydia) |
|---|---|
| Year | 198-217 |
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| Composition | Bronze |
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| Obverse description | Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Emperor Caracalla facing right, seen from the rear, presenting a three-quarter back view characteristic of the Severan provincial coinage tradition. The effigy displays the emperor's distinctive features with a laurel wreath crowning the head. The circular Greek legend Μ ΑΥΡΗΛΙΟϹ ΑΝΤΩΝΕΙΝΟϹ runs along the periphery, and the coin is bordered by a beaded dotted circle. |
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| Reverse script | Greek |
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| Additional information |
Nicaea Cilbianorum was a minor Lydian settlement distinct from the far more prominent Nicaea in Bithynia — a distinction ancient die-cutters made explicit by adding the ethnic ΚΙΛΒΙΑΝΩΝ, referencing the Kilbianos river valley. The city struck under Caracalla during a period when provincial bronze production across Asia Minor expanded sharply, partly driven by the emperor's own currency reforms and the disruption those reforms caused to established coin hierarchies.
The Kilbianoi were a sub-regional people whose name appears on coins of several nearby communities, suggesting a shared civic identity rather than a single polis.