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Æ22 - Augustus ΕΦΕ ΦΙΛΩΝ ΕΥΘΥΚΡΑΤΗΣ

Issuer Ephesus (Conventus of Ephesus)
Year 27 BC - 14 AD
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Reference(s) RPC I 2576; SNG Copenhagen 368
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Reverse description Forepart of a recumbent stag facing right, a cult emblem closely associated with the goddess Artemis of Ephesus. To the left of the stag, an upright torch is depicted, another sacred attribute of Artemis. The composition is centrally placed within the flan, with the Greek civic magistrates' legend distributed around the field. The design reflects Ephesus's strong religious identity as the guardian city of the Artemision sanctuary.
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Reverse lettering ΕΦΕ ΦΙΛΩΝ ΕΥΘΥΚΡΑΤΗΣ
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Additional information

Ephesus was the seat of the Roman proconsul of Asia and the most commercially active city in the province, which explains the relative frequency with which its civic bronze coinage turns up in trade contexts well beyond the Aegean. The magistrates named in the inscription — Philon and Euthykrates — held the office of grammateus, the city's chief administrative post, and their names on the coinage were a mark of civic honor rather than monetary authority.

RPC I 2576 places this issue within the early Augustan reorganization of provincial coinage, when Rome largely left Greek cities to manage their own small bronze while asserting tighter control over silver.

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