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Æ21 - Valerian and Gallienus ΕΦΕϹΙΩΝ ΤΥΧΗ
| Issuer | Ephesus Mint (Provincial coinage under Valerian I and Gallienus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 253-260 |
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| Composition | Bronze |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ΑΥΤ Κ ΠΟ ΛΙΚ ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΑΝΟϹ (Translation: Emperor Caesar Publius Licinius Valerianus) |
| Reverse description | Tyche, the personification of Fortune, stands facing left in full figure, wearing a modius or turreted crown. In her extended right hand she holds a patera over a lighted altar, and in her left hand she carries a cornucopia. A star appears in the field, likely in the upper left. The composition is enclosed within a beaded border, with the civic legend distributed across the field. |
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| Additional information |
Ephesus remained one of the wealthiest and most politically connected cities in Asia Minor throughout the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus, and its mint produced a substantial volume of provincial bronze during these years — partly to fund local civic functions that imperial coinage rarely reached at the street level. The city's relationship with Rome was carefully managed: honoring both co-emperors on a single issue was a deliberate act of loyalty during a reign already fracturing under military pressure from the east.
Valerian was captured by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa in 260 AD, ending the co-reign abruptly. Provincial issues from Ephesus attributable to the joint period therefore have a hard terminus ante quem.