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Æ21 - Hadrian ΤΟΙϹ ΑΡΚΑϹΙ

Issuer Corinth (Achaea)
Year 117-138
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Composition Bronze
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Reverse description A horse prancing vigorously to the right, rendered in profile with forelegs raised, occupying the central field of the coin. The treatment of the animal is typical of provincial bronze coinage of the Hadrianic period in the Peloponnese. The reverse legend ΤΟΙϹ ΑΡΚΑϹΙ, meaning 'to the Arcadians,' appears in the field, indicating the dedicatory or honorific nature of the issue. The overall fabric is irregular, consistent with hand-hammered provincial production of the early second century AD.
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Reverse lettering ΤΟΙϹ ΑΡΚΑϹΙ
(Translation: to the Arcadians)
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Additional information

Corinth's decision to strike coinage invoking the Arcadians almost certainly reflects the city's complicated relationship with its Greek neighbors following Roman refoundation in 44 BC. The Latin colony had spent nearly a century reasserting its Hellenic credentials, and civic bronzes of the Hadrianic period frequently deployed pan-Hellenic references — Hadrian's own philhellenism and his founding of the Panhellenion in 131-132 AD made such gestures politically advantageous. Whether this piece predates or postdates the Panhellenion's formal establishment remains debated among specialists cataloging the III series.

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