Æ21 - Claudius VALERIA MESSALINA CYTHERO CAPITO[NE]

Historical Context: This Æ21 bronze from Cnossus, Crete, 41-54 AD, falls within Emperor Claudius's reign. As a key city in Creta et Cyrenaica, Cnossus issued coinage reflecting imperial authority and local magistrates. The prominent depiction of Valeria Messalina, Claudius's third wife, is notable. Her presence alongside the emperor and local magistrate Cythero Capito underscores her brief but influential status before her 48 AD execution, illustrating the interplay between central Roman power and provincial administration.

Artistry: While the engraver is anonymous, the coin adheres to Roman provincial portraiture. The obverse likely features a laureate or bare-headed Claudius, aiming for a recognizable imperial likeness. The reverse presents Valeria Messalina, whose portraiture on provincial issues often emulated metropolitan styles. The inclusion of local magistrate Cythero Capito's name in the legend signifies local authority's role in production, blending imperial cult with civic identity.

Technical/Grading: This Æ21 bronze, weighing 5.21 grams, exhibits typical provincial characteristics. Key high-points for grading include clarity of imperial and Messalina's portraits (facial features, hair) and legend legibility. Desirable technical strike qualities involve well-centered strikes with strong, even pressure, ensuring full detail. Flan quality (smoothness, porosity absence) and an attractive, stable patina are crucial for assessing overall condition and eye appeal.