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Æ20 - Valerian and Gallienus ΕΦΕϹΙΩΝ Γ ΝΕΟΚΟΡΩΝ
| Issuer | Ephesus (Conventus of Ephesus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 253-268 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Reverse description | The philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus shown standing to the left in a full-length figure, his left hand grasping a club while his right arm is raised, a pose befitting the city's association with the celebrated pre-Socratic thinker. The reverse legend in Greek encircles the field, proclaiming Ephesus's prestigious status as a thrice-neocorate city. The design reflects the civic pride and intellectual heritage of Ephesus as one of the foremost metropoleis of the Roman province of Asia. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Ephesus held the title of neokoros — temple warden — multiple times over, and the Γ (gamma) designation marks this as a third-time grant, a distinction the city pursued aggressively through political lobbying in Rome. The joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus, father and son ruling simultaneously as co-emperors from 253, gave provincial mints an unusual administrative reason to name both emperors on a single issue. Valerian's capture by the Sasanian king Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa in 260 effectively ended joint issues from the eastern provincials.