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Æ19 - Valerian and Gallienus ΕФΕϹΙΩΝ Δ ΝΟΚΟΡ (sic) (Ν reverted)
| Issuer | Ephesus (Roman Provincial Mint) |
|---|---|
| Year | 253-268 |
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| Composition | Bronze |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Standing frontal cult image of Artemis Ephesia (Potnia Theron), depicted in the canonical xoanon form with the characteristic supports flanking the lower body and multiple rows of oval pendants or ova on the chest. The goddess is shown in the rigid, hieratic style traditional to the great Ephesian sanctuary, with arms extended forward. The reverse legend naming the Ephesian neocorate encircles the type, with a noted epigraphic irregularity in the form of a reversed Ν. |
| Reverse script | Greek |
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| Additional information |
The title ΝΕΩΚΟΡ — awarded to cities granted the honor of maintaining an imperial cult temple — was fiercely competed for among the great cities of Asia Minor. Ephesus held the distinction multiple times, and the Δ (fourth) neokorate status claimed on this issue dates to the joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus, when such honorifics were actively cultivated as civic currency. The reversed Ν in ΝΟΚΟΡ is not a engraver's slip so much as a die-cutter working under pressure; similar letter reversals appear across provincial bronzes of this period and are sometimes specific to individual dies.