Æ19 - Gordian III and Abgar X Edessa mint

Abgar X Phraates ruled Osroene as a client king under Roman oversight, and this joint issue — pairing a reigning emperor with a local dynast on the same coin — reflects the awkward political arrangement Rome maintained in the upper Euphrates buffer zone. Osroene had been annexed as a Roman province around 214 under Caracalla, yet the Abgarid dynasty was permitted to continue in a diminished capacity, producing local bronze that acknowledged imperial authority while asserting dynastic survival.

The kingdom effectively ceased to exist as even a nominal entity shortly after this series ends.