Æ19 - Augustus EX D D

正面描述	Laureate head of Caesar (Julius Caesar or Augustus as Caesar) facing right, rendered in the provincial Roman style characteristic of Pontic colonial coinage. The effigy displays a wreathed portrait with naturalistic facial features, the laurel wreath clearly indicated across the brow. The surrounding legend reads C I F AN XXIII, referencing the colonial designation Colonia Iulia Felix and the year of the colony. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven, consistent with hand-struck provincial bronze production of the Augustan period.
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正面铭文	C I F AN XXIII
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附加信息	Sinope, originally a Greek colonial foundation on the Black Sea coast, had been refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 45 BC — one of his last colonial acts before his assassination. The abbreviation EX D D, ex decreto decurionum, indicates this bronze was struck by explicit decree of the local town council, a procedural formality that colonial mints in the east were required to document publicly. It places the coin squarely within the administrative machinery of early Augustan provincial governance, when the boundaries between civic autonomy and imperial oversight were still being negotiated.

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