Æ15 - Endubis

Endubis is the earliest known ruler of Aksum to strike coins, making this issue one of the founding objects of sub-Saharan African numismatics. His bronze series was produced alongside gold and silver denominations — an unusually sophisticated tri-metallic coinage system for a kingdom only just entering the historical record. The motivation was almost certainly commercial: Aksum sat astride the Red Sea trade routes connecting Rome and India, and a recognizable coinage was a practical tool for merchants, not a ceremonial gesture.

Hahn's sequencing places this as the third variety in the Endubis bronze series, distinguished by subtle die characteristics documented through a small surviving corpus.