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Æ Stater - Jayasimha Deva 1123 - 1155 AD - Kashmir - Second Lohara Dynasty
| Issuer | Kashmir, Post-Hunnic dynasties of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1123-1155 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 6.01 g |
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| Obverse description | Highly stylised frontal effigy of the goddess Ardoxsho enthroned, depicted in the degenerate post-Hunnic artistic tradition characteristic of Kashmiri coinage of this period. The figure is shown facing, with arms extended and hands resting on the knees in a formal hieratic pose. Flanking the central effigy are Nagari legends arranged in two fields: 'Jaya' to the left and 'Simha' to the right, together forming the royal name Jayasimha. The design is executed in bold, schematic relief with deeply incised outlines typical of hammered copper issues of the Second Lohara Dynasty. |
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| Reverse description | Schematic standing figure of the king depicted in profile or frontal stance in the degenerate style characteristic of late Kashmiri copper coinage. The royal figure is shown with arms extended, holding attributes consistent with Kashmiri iconographic conventions of the Second Lohara period. Flanking the figure are pellets or subsidiary decorative elements in the field. A Nagari legend appears at the top of the die. The entire design is rendered in bold, somewhat crude relief, struck on an irregular flan typical of hammered copper staters of this series. |
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| Additional information |
Jayasimha's reign is documented in unusual detail thanks to the Rajatarangini, the 12th-century Sanskrit chronicle composed by Kalhana — one of the earliest works of genuine historical writing produced in the Indian subcontinent. Kalhana was a contemporary of Jayasimha, and his account describes a reign marked by factional court violence, repeated noble rebellions, and the king's efforts to stabilize a dynasty that had already survived several near-collapses since its founding in the late 10th century.
The Second Lohara coinage of this period is characterized by extreme stylistic debasement from its Kushano-Shahi antecedents — a degeneration accumulated across generations rather than any single political rupture.