Æ In the name of Constantius II, Horseman facing up, soldier above horse

These Germanic imitations of late Roman coinage emerged as the western frontier dissolved — tribal groups copying official Constantinian bronzes not necessarily to deceive, but because Roman coin forms had become the expected medium of exchange across the Rhine and Danube zones. The horseman-and-soldier type being imitated derives from the *FEL TEMP REPARATIO* series, mass-produced after 348 AD as one of the most widely circulated bronze issues of the fourth century, which made it the obvious template for unofficial copying.

Attribution remains deliberately loose. The "cf." qualifiers across all three references signal that no die match has been confirmed — this piece approximates known imitative types without fitting any precisely.