Æ In the name of Constantine I, Bust facing left, without podium

Barbarous imitations of Constantinian bronze struck by Germanic groups operating outside imperial borders occupy an awkward historiographical space — too numerous to be rare curiosities, too varied to classify cleanly. The absence of a firm B/Imit reference here reflects exactly that problem: the cataloging of these pieces remains genuinely unresolved, with new die groupings still being proposed.

The leftward bust orientation is a meaningful detail. Imperial Constantinian bronzes almost universally face right; a left-facing bust on an imitation typically signals a copyist working from another copy rather than an official prototype, compressing the transmission error with each generation.