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960 Réis - João Prince Regent
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda do Rio de Janeiro |
|---|---|
| Year | 1816 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Central device depicts a large armillary sphere — the traditional symbol of the Portuguese Empire and Brazil — rendered with detailed meridian and latitude bands, and encircled by a diagonal sash bearing the mint initial 'R' for Rio de Janeiro. The sphere is set within a cross formed by four elongated triangular points extending to the coin's edge, creating a bold cruciform composition. A small cross of the Order of Christ appears at the base of the sphere. The encircling legend reads SUB·Q·SIGN·NATA·STAB·R, the Braganza dynastic motto meaning 'Born and established under this sign.' The border is dentilated. |
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| Mintage | 1816 R - Rio de Janeiro |
| Additional information |
The 960 Réis was a distinctly Brazilian solution to a colonial supply problem. Struck by cutting and hammering Spanish American 8 reales — most commonly from Mexico City, Potosí, or Lima — the host coin was first counterstamped, then overstruck, leaving traces of the original planchet visible at the edges. These "ghosted" remnants of the underlying cob or milled colonial piece are not damage; they are the manufacturing method.
João VI had fled Lisbon ahead of Napoleonic forces in 1807, relocating the Portuguese court to Rio de Janeiro and elevating Brazil to the status of a kingdom. The Rio mint's output during his regency period reflects urgent monetary expansion rather than ceremonial production.