8 Xerafins São Tomé - José I Goa mint

José I's Indian gold coinage was struck at Goa under conditions of chronic mint disorder — the Estado da India's finances had been in steady decline since the loss of key trading posts, and maintaining consistent bullion supply to the Goa mint was an ongoing administrative struggle throughout his reign. The xerafim, originally a silver unit inherited from pre-Portuguese Goa, had long since migrated upward into gold denominations by this period.

The KM#145 attribution places this among the scarcer José I gold issues from the subcontinent.