8 Testerns - Elizabeth I

Obverse description	The obverse displays the Royal Arms of England as a quartered shield — bearing the fleurs-de-lis of France in the first and fourth quarters, and the lions passant guardant of England in the second and third — surmounted by a royal crown. The shield is flanked by the crowned initials E (left) and R (right), denoting Elizabeth Regina. A beaded inner circle frames the design, with the royal legend arranged around the periphery in Latin capital letters. The overall style is characteristic of late Elizabethan hammered silver coinage, with a slightly irregular flan typical of the period.
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Reverse description	The reverse features the arms of the English East India Company — a shield bearing multiple panes of heraldic charges representing the Company's commercial identity — surmounted by a royal crown. The shield is enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The Latin legend POSVI • DEVM • ADIVTOREM • MEVM •, meaning 'I have made God my helper', runs around the outer margin, separated from the inner circle by a further beaded border. The design is rendered in the hammered style consistent with late sixteenth-century English coinage practice, with characteristic irregular striking.
Reverse script	Latin
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