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8 Reales - Felipe II
| Issuer | Casa de Moneda de Lima |
|---|---|
| Year | 1577-1589 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field displays the quartered Royal Arms of Castile and León, featuring castles and lions in alternating quarters, with Granada in the base. The shield is surmounted by the Royal Crown and flanked by the denomination numeral '8' to the left and the assayer's initial 'D' to the right. A partial circular legend reading PHILIPPVS II DEI G HISPANIARVM surrounds the shield. The strike is characteristic of the macuquina (cob) coinage tradition, resulting in an irregular planchet with partially visible design elements and legend. |
|---|---|
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| Mint | Lima Mint (Casa de Moneda de Lima) |
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| Additional information |
The Lima mint was formally re-established under royal license in 1565, but its early macuqueño output from the Felipe II period remained notoriously inconsistent in weight and fineness — a problem serious enough that a royal inspection in 1572 uncovered systematic fraud by mint officials, resulting in prosecutions and a temporary suspension of operations. The coins struck in the years immediately following that scandal were produced under closer Crown oversight, which is reflected in modestly improved assayer accountability during this window.
Assayer marks on Lima cobs of this reign are the primary dating tool. The transition between assayers Rincon and Diego de la Torre defines much of the attributable chronology within this 1577–1589 bracket.