8 Reales - Felipe II

正面描述	登录以查看详情
正面文字	登录以查看详情
正面铭文	登录以查看详情
背面描述	Two crowned Pillars of Hercules rising from stylized waves, each surmounted by a crown and flanked by the motto PLVS VLTR(A) on scrolling banners; the mint mark 'P' for Lima appears between the crowns atop the pillars, and the denomination numeral '8' is displayed centrally between the column shafts at mid-field. The assayer's initials appear to either side of the pillars. The entire device is enclosed within a beaded inner circle, with the peripheral legend continuing the royal titulature around the irregularly shaped flan.
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背面铭文	PLVS VLTRA
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铸币厂	登录以查看详情
铸造量	登录以查看详情
附加信息	Lima's earliest cob coinage was struck under the most chaotic minting conditions in the hemisphere. The assayers of this period — Alonso Rincón being the dominant figure in the late 1560s — worked without the standardized machinery that would later define colonial minting, producing coins cut and hammered from crudely rolled silver planchets. Weight accuracy was the only real legal requirement; shape was incidental. Felipe II's 1566 ordinances nominally governed production, but enforcement at Lima lagged years behind Mexico City. Pieces from this narrow window predate the assayer accountability reforms that followed the 1572 viceroy Toledo inspection, which overhauled the entire operation.

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