8 Gani - Qutb Ud Din Mubarak Shah

Qutb ud-Din Mubarak Shah's reign lasted barely three years before his murder at the hands of Khusraw Khan, his own favorite and commander of the guard. He was the last of the Khalji sultans, and the dynasty collapsed almost immediately after his death. Billon issues of this type circulated in a monetary system under real stress — the Khalji period saw repeated debasement as military expenditure outpaced silver supply, and billon became the practical currency of everyday transactions rather than a stopgap measure.