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8 Escudos - Carlos II
| Issuer | Peru |
|---|---|
| Year | 1696-1701 |
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| Currency | Real (1568-1858) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Jerusalem cross with flared arms dividing the field into four quarters, each alternately charged with the castles of Castile and the lions of León, all enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The irregular cob flan displays the characteristic rough-cut edges typical of macuquina coinage. A partial circular legend in Latin surrounds the design, reading C • II D • G • HISPANIARVM, referencing King Carlos II by the Grace of God, King of the Spains. The overall style is consistent with the hand-struck, assayer-controlled production of the Lima mint during the late Habsburg period. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, ruled under severe physical and cognitive disabilities that left his court in perpetual factional crisis. The Lima mint produced these cob-style gold pieces — macuquinas — under conditions that prioritized weight accuracy over aesthetic consistency, which is why surviving examples vary wildly in shape and strike placement. The assayer responsible for quality control during this window was Juan Rodríguez, whose "R" initial appears on properly attributed pieces.
Carlos died in 1700 without an heir, triggering the War of Spanish Succession and ending Habsburg control of Spanish America entirely.