60 Khumsiyyah - Saleh 'Ubayd bin 'Abdāt

Al-Ghurfah was the mercantile chamber of the Hadhramaut valley in what is now Yemen, a region whose trade networks stretched deep into the Indian Ocean world — particularly through the Hadhrami diaspora communities of Southeast Asia and East Africa. The khumsiyyah series was struck to facilitate local commercial exchange in an area where Ottoman, Indian, and Maria Theresa coinage all circulated simultaneously, creating chronic valuation disputes. Saleh 'Ubayd bin 'Abdāt, named on this piece, was the issuing merchant authority whose personal guarantee underpinned its acceptance.

The .900 silver specification mirrors the fineness of contemporary European trade coinage, almost certainly a deliberate choice to anchor credibility with foreign trading partners.