5000 Cruzeiros Thesouro Nacional, 2nd print

Brazil's Tesouro Nacional notes of this period exist because the Banco do Brasil and the Banco Central — the latter not yet formally established until 1964 — were still operating through transitional monetary arrangements. The 5000 Cruzeiros denomination was among the highest face values in circulation during a period of accelerating inflation that would ultimately force the 1967 cruzeiro reform, where 1000 old cruzeiros became a single cruzeiro novo.

Three distinct signature combinations across series 1 through 1700 reflect genuine ministerial turnover: Octávio Gouvêa de Bulhões served as Finance Minister under both Goulart and then Castelo Branco after the April 1964 coup, which means notes from series 401 onward effectively bridge two governments.