500 Pesos - Orllie Antoine I

Orélie-Antoine de Tounens was a French lawyer from Périgord who traveled to Chilean Patagonia in 1858, convinced local Mapuche and Pehuenche chiefs to recognize him as sovereign, and formally proclaimed the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia in 1860. The Chilean government arrested him within two years and had him deported rather than executed, apparently concluding that executing a Frenchman would cause more diplomatic trouble than it was worth. He returned twice more, was expelled twice more, and died in France in 1878 still styling himself a reigning monarch.

The "kingdom" never controlled territory in any meaningful administrative sense, but a succession of self-declared heirs has maintained the dynastic claim continuously to the present. This 2010 issue is a modern fantasy strike — no issuing authority, no postal or monetary infrastructure ever existed to back it.