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500 000 Mark Klöckner-Werke
| Issuer | Klöckner-Werke A.G., Berlin-Rauxel |
|---|---|
| Year | 1923 |
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| Composition | Paper |
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| Obverse description | Printed in black on a dusky rose guilloche underprint, the obverse is dominated by the large bold numeral '500000' at center, flanked by the stylized interlocking 'KW' monogram of Klöckner-Werke in each upper corner. The denomination in full, 'FÜNFHUNDERTTAUSEND MARK', is set in bold letterpress below the numerals, followed by the place and date of issue 'BERLIN-RAUXEL, DEN 7. AUGUST 1923' and the issuer name 'KLÖCKNER-WERKE A.G.' in large capitals. The lower portion carries the series designation 'SERIE A', a printed serial number, and two manuscript signatures of company officials. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Printed entirely in dusky rose on a fine guilloche underprint, the reverse carries a large stylized 'KW' monogram vignette at left incorporating industrial imagery — crossed tools suggestive of mining or steelworks — rendered in a bold Expressionist graphic style. To the right, the denomination '500 000 MARK' is stated in large type above a block of small-print text setting out the conditions of validity, naming the towns and banking institutions where the note was redeemable. The issuer name 'KLÖCKNER-WERKE A.G.' appears in large bold capitals along the lower margin. |
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| Comments |
Klöckner-Werke was one of Germany's major industrial conglomerates — coal, steel, machinery — and like hundreds of other large employers during the hyperinflation of 1923, it issued its own emergency wages currency, or Notgeld, to pay workers when the Reichsbank simply could not supply enough physical banknotes to keep pace with collapsing purchasing power. At the height of the crisis, the money supply was doubling every few days, and the lag between printing and distribution made official currency functionally worthless before it reached workers' hands.
The Berlin-Rauxel designation places this issue in the Ruhr industrial belt, which had the additional misfortune of French and Belgian military occupation throughout most of 1923 — a factor that accelerated regional reliance on private industrial Notgeld well beyond what was seen elsewhere in Germany.