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50 Réis - João IV Countermark 'SO' over 'XXXX'

Issuer Portugal
Year 1642
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Value 1/2 Teston (Tostão) (50)
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Obverse description Countermark 'SO' (denoting 50 réis) applied in a circular punch to the left field of the host coin, superimposed over the pre-existing 'XXXX' mark of the original tostão. The large Roman numeral 'XXXX' is visible in the center of the coin field, struck in a saltire (X-cross) arrangement, while the oval countermark bearing the letters 'S' and 'O' is clearly impressed to the upper left. The host coin's original peripheral legend and decorative border remain partially visible around the circumference, though considerably worn.
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Obverse lettering SO
Reverse description The reverse of the host coin displays the original design of the tostão, featuring a crowned royal arms or armillary sphere device typical of Portuguese coinage of the period, set within a beaded or rope border. The central field shows the denomination mark 'XXXX' in Roman numerals, partially obscured by wear and the countermarking process. Traces of the original peripheral Latin legend of the host ruler remain visible around the edge, though largely illegible due to heavy circulation wear and the hammered striking technique.
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