50 Kurush

This note was issued during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, a conflict that drained the Ottoman treasury with exceptional speed. The government had already exhausted its borrowing capacity with European creditors, and paper kaime issues like this one were a direct fiscal response to wartime liquidity collapse — not a planned currency modernization.

The series is notoriously prone to foxing and edge fragility due to the low-quality domestic paper used under wartime supply constraints. P#52 survivors in any decent state are genuinely uncommon for that reason alone.