50 Céntimos Villanueva

During the Spanish Civil War, the Republican zone suffered an acute shortage of fractional coinage almost immediately after July 1936. Copper and silver were hoarded or melted, and the central government was slow to respond. Hundreds of municipalities across Catalonia, Valencia, and Aragon stepped into the vacuum by issuing their own emergency paper — these are the billetes locales, and Villanueva's 50 céntimos is a product of exactly that crisis.

There are multiple towns named Villanueva in Spain; Gari Mon#1609-B places this within the broader Catalan municipal series, but the issuing authority is small enough that documented circulation data is sparse.