50 Céntimos Tortosa

Tortosa issued its own fractional currency in 1937 because the Spanish Republic's central authorities had largely lost control of small-change supply during the Civil War. Copper and silver had vanished from circulation — hoarded, melted, or simply unavailable in a fragmented wartime economy — and municipalities across Catalonia, Aragon, and Valencia stepped in with their own emergency paper.

Gráficas Bobés produced notes for dozens of these local issuers out of Barcelona, which makes individual attribution straightforward but also means the printing quality varied considerably depending on where each municipality sat in the print queue.

Tortosa itself was on the front line — the city fell to Nationalist forces in April 1938, cutting short whatever remained of these notes' circulation life.