50 Céntimos Torre de l'Espanyol

Torre de l'Espanyol is a village in the Ribera d'Ebre comarca with a population that barely reached 700 in the 1930s. That a municipality this small issued its own emergency paper currency during the Civil War is less surprising in isolation — hundreds of Catalan and Spanish councils did the same after the July 1936 coup fractured the banking system and drained metallic coin from circulation almost overnight. The Republican government's inability to redistribute small change created a genuine transactional vacuum that local councils filled by decree.

Imprenta De Ferrando in Reus handled emergency paper for numerous small municipalities across Camp de Tarragona and the Ribera d'Ebre. Turró documents this as the sole denomination for Torre de l'Espanyol, which suggests the council's needs were narrow and the issue short-lived.