50 Céntimos Sant Martí del Bas

Sant Martí del Bas is a small village in the Garrotxa region of Catalonia, and like hundreds of other Catalan municipalities in 1936–37, its ajuntament issued emergency small-change notes when the Republic's copper and nickel coinage vanished almost overnight at the start of the Civil War. These local emissions — collectible today under the broad "Guerra Civil" category — were produced under genuinely improvised conditions, often on whatever card stock or heavy paper the municipality had to hand, which accounts for the substrate variation seen across surviving examples.

Turró 2278 is among the more obscure municipal issues; the village's population was tiny, production runs were correspondingly small, and few examples entered collector circulation before the Franco-era suppression of Republican material.