50 Céntimos Igualada

Igualada, a textile-manufacturing town in the Anoia comarca of Catalonia, issued its own fractional emergency currency during the Civil War years when Republican Spain suffered an acute shortage of small-denomination coinage. Municipal and local entity issues like this one — collectively catalogued under the broader *bitllets de necessitat* classification — proliferated across Catalonia from 1936 onward, with each issuing body responsible for its own printing arrangements and backing.

The card-stock construction was deliberate: at this size, thin paper would have disintegrated within weeks of handling in a busy market town.