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50 Centavos
| Issuer | Mindanao Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1945 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is enclosed within a plain rectangular border with a fine decorative outer frame and displays the denomination '50 cts.' and 'FIFTY CENTAVOS' at both the top and bottom margins. The central field carries the issuer name 'MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD / PHILIPPINES' above four lines of bilingual text — in English and Cebuano — stating redemption guarantees and counterfeiting penalties. The layout is entirely typographic with no pictorial vignette, consistent with wartime emergency issue production. |
| Reverse lettering | 50 cts. FIFTY CENTAVOS cts. 50 MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD PHILIPPINES This note is redeemable at face value after the emergency and will not be devaluated or discriminated against Kining sapi-a kailisan sumala sa iyang bili tapus ang kagubut ug dili kakubsan ni kaayran Counterfeiting of this note will be severely punished Mabug-at nga silot ipahamtang sa maga kawat pag sundog ning sapm 50 cts. FIFTY CENTAVOS cts. 50 |
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| Comments |
The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several guerrilla currency authorities operating in the southern Philippines during the Japanese occupation. These boards issued notes under the authority of the Philippine Commonwealth government-in-exile, providing a functional alternative to Japanese Military Pesos — which the local population actively resisted using where they could. Mindanao's geography, with its dispersed population and mountainous interior, made local emission both practical and politically necessary.
The three-signature format — Saguin, Pacana, and Barbasa — reflects the board structure rather than a banking hierarchy. Emergency issues from Mindanao are notably more susceptible to humidity damage than other Philippine guerrilla notes, given the printing conditions and local paper stock used.