50 000 Roubles

By 1921, the RSFSR's printing presses had been running near-continuously for three years, feeding a hyperinflationary spiral that had already rendered earlier denominations functionally worthless. The 50,000-rouble note was not an extraordinary denomination when issued — it was a practical necessity. Lenin's New Economic Policy, introduced that same year, eventually stabilized conditions enough to permit the 1922–24 monetary reform, which redenominated at one new rouble to ten thousand old.

At over twelve million printed, this was a mass-production issue, yet survivor rates in collectible condition are lower than the print run suggests — wartime-era Soviet paper stock was poor, and unredeemed notes were routinely pulped during the reform process.