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| 背面描述 | The reverse is printed entirely in letterpress on plain cream stock and carries no vignette or ornamental border, instead presenting a densely typeset list of the participating commercial firms and businesses of the Zwiesel region whose collective guarantee underpins the note, arranged in justified paragraph form across the full note surface. |
| 背面铭文 | Krystallglasfabrik Frauenau, Krystallglasfabrik Regenhütte, Theresienthaler Krystallglasfabrik, Ferd. v. Poschinger Buchenau, Bing Glas & Keramik Spiegelau, Gutsverwaltung Frauenau, Vereinigte Zwieseler & Pirnaer Farbenglaswerke A.-G. Zwiesel, Gutsverwaltung Oberzwieselau, Rümmelein & Eber Zwiesel, Bettmann & Co. Bettmannsäge, Wolfgang Röck Zwiesel, Jakob Roßberger Zwiesel, Rudolf Lex Zwiesel, Otto Fischer Zwiesel, Josef Eisch Zwiesel, Fritz Lemberger Zwiesel, Max Eisch Zwiesel, Johann Graup Nachf. Frauenau, Wilhelm Pfeifer Eisenstein, Dampfsägewerk Fels G. m. b. H. Eisenstein, Fürstl. Hohenzollernsche Oberförsterei Eisenstein, Holzindustrie Eisenstein G. m. b. H., Max Weikl Zwiesel, Max Gallinger Zwiesel, Josef Dresely Zwiesel, Schenker & Co. Zwiesel, Bauunternehmung Wahler & Co. G. m. b. H. Zwiesel, J. Wildberger Spiegelau, Franz Blumtritt G. m. b. H. Zwiesel-Lichtenthal, Holzstoff-Fabrik Zwieselberg, Wix & Weglehner Spiegelau, A. Salbeck Ludwigsthal, Johann Brunner Zwiesel. |
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Zwiesel is a small glassmaking town in the Bavarian Forest, and the Handelsgremium — a local merchants' association — was among the hundreds of German commercial bodies forced to print their own emergency money during the hyperinflation of 1923. By August and September of that year, the Reichsbank could not produce notes fast enough to keep pace with prices doubling weekly, so municipal authorities, chambers of commerce, and trade guilds stepped in under loosely supervised federal permission.
Five million marks sounds extraordinary until you remember that by late 1923 that sum barely covered a loaf of bread. Notes of this denomination were rendered worthless within days of issue, which paradoxically preserved many — spent too fast to be worn out.