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50 000 000 000 Mark Kreise Krefeld, Gladbach, Grevenbroich, Kempen and Neuss
| Issuer | Landkreise Crefeld, Gladbach, Grevenbroich, Kempen and Neuss (Kreisausschüsse) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1923 |
| Type | Local banknote |
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| Obverse description | Printed in violet-purple on plain paper, the obverse is dominated by a central ornate cartouche with scrollwork border enclosing the denomination "50 Milliarden Mark" in large Gothic blackletter type, above the issue date "Ausgegeben, den 30. Oktober 1923". A vertical side panel at left, set within a ruled border, carries the validity inscription reading that the note is valid throughout the entire Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf until 1 April 1924. Below the denomination, three facsimile manuscript signatures of the Vorsitzenden der Kreisausschüsse appear alongside printed names, with the series letter "G" and issuing district names — Crefeld, Gladbach, Grevenbroich, Kempen, Nerß — inscribed in the upper portion of the cartouche. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is unprinted and shows plain white paper, heavily worn and covered with various handwritten notations in ink, indicating the note was reused as scrap paper after its period of circulation. |
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| Comments |
Five Rhenish district councils — Crefeld, Gladbach, Grevenbroich, Kempen, and Neuss — issued this note jointly during the hyperinflation peak of late 1923, when municipal and county authorities across Germany were printing emergency currency faster than the Reichsbank could supply notes. A consortium issue at this level of government was practical: printing costs and distribution burdens were shared across the Kreise, all geographically contiguous in the lower Rhine region.
B. Kühlen was a Mönchengladbach commercial printer with no specialized banknote background — exactly the kind of firm that ended up producing notgeld when specialist printers were overwhelmed.