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The central vignette presents Gwanghwamun, the main south gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, set within a detailed landscape composition, with a large peacock standing to the left of the gate. The denomination 五圓 (Five Yen) is rendered in an ornamental cartouche to the right, enclosed within intricate guilloche border work and decorative corner elements. Issuer inscriptions in Chinese and Japanese characters identifying Daiichi Bank and the Korean Imperial Treasury run along the upper and right margins. |
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The upper portion carries the bank name DAI-ICHI GINKO LD. in bold serif lettering within a decorative guilloche panel. To the left, the numeral 5 is set within an ornate circular frame, below which three small circular seal impressions are arranged vertically. The central bilingual text panel reads 'Promises to Pay the Bearer on Demand FIVE YEN in Japanese Currency AT ANY OF ITS BRANCHES IN COREA', with a corresponding Korean-script inscription running vertically along the right margin. |
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Dai-Ichi Kokuritsu Ginko — the First National Bank — was not a central bank but a private commercial institution operating under the National Bank Act of 1872, modeled closely on the American national banking system. It held the unusual distinction of being Japan's first Western-style joint-stock bank, and its note issues circulated alongside those of dozens of other national banks before the Bank of Japan consolidated monetary authority in the 1880s. By 1906 these notes had long lost their status as legal tender for most purposes.
The print date of April 1945 almost certainly reflects a later reprinting or archival reproduction, not original circulation stock — the issuing bank itself had ceased note-issuing functions decades earlier.