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5 Pounds White, signature in watermark
| Uitgever | Bank of England |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1855-1870 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Afmetingen | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Drukker | Log in om details te zien |
| Ontwerper(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Black intaglio on white uncoated paper. At upper left, an ornate cartouche encloses a vignette of Britannia seated, holding a spear and resting beside a shield, rendered in fine line engraving. The denomination «Five Pounds» is expressed in elaborate copperplate script across the centre, with the serial number repeated twice in the upper field; a bold letterpress «Five» label appears at lower left within a dotted border. The promise-to-pay text, issue date, and cashier's manuscript signature appear below, with the authorization line «For the Gov. and Compa. of the Bank of England» set in a combination of script and roman type at lower right. |
|---|---|
| Opschrift voorzijde | Bank of England I promise to pay the Bearer on Demand the Sum of Five Pounds London For the Gov. and Compa. of the Bank of England |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Handtekening(en) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beveiligingstype | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving beveiliging | Log in om details te zien |
| Varianten | Log in om details te zien |
| Opmerkingen |
Bank of England five-pound whites of this period were hand-signed by a cashier and numbered individually — each note was, technically, a unique document. The "signature in watermark" variety places the cashier's name within the paper itself during manufacture at Portals Mill in Hampshire, a security measure intended to defeat the increasingly sophisticated forgeries that had plagued the Bank since the early nineteenth century. A successful forgery of a white fiver could ruin the counterfeiter's victims entirely; prosecution was capital until 1832, and the Bank's own aggressive pursuit of forgers had become a public scandal by the 1820s.
By the 1860s this format was already being phased toward greater mechanization. The watermark signature variety sits at the tail end of a craft-intensive production method the Bank would not fully abandon until decades later.