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5 Pesos Oro Legal
| Issuer | Banco de Caldas |
|---|---|
| Year | 1919 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | SECCIÓN HIPOTECARIA ESTABLECIDA EN VIRTUD DE CONTRATO CON EL GOBIERNO DE LA REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA DE ACUERDO CON LA LEY 24 DE 1905 EL BANCO DE CALDAS PAGARÁ AL PORTADOR, EN LAS CONDICIONES INDICADAS AL RESPALDO, LA CANTIDAD DE CINCO PESOS ORO LEGAL AL INTERÉS DEL CUATRO POR CIENTO ANUAL LOS INTERESES SE PAGARÁN EL 31 DE JULIO DE CADA AÑO EL CAPITAL SE PAGARÁ EL DÍA DE DE 19 MANIZALES (COLOMBIA) DE DE 191 EL GERENTE EL SECRETARIO 5 |
| Reverse description | Printed entirely in salmon-red, the reverse is dominated by an elaborate symmetrical guilloche design with large numeral '5' vignettes at left and right. A central oval cartouche bears the heading 'CONDICIONES' followed by three numbered clauses detailing the terms of the mortgage-backed obligation. The bank name 'BANCO DE CALDAS' is split vertically across the left and right margins in large bold letters, with 'SECCIÓN HIPOTECARIA' inscribed at the foot of the central panel. Two cancellation punch holes are visible at the lower centre, indicating a specimen or cancelled example. The imprint of the American Bank Note Company appears at the bottom margin. |
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Banco de Caldas was a regional Colombian bank operating out of Manizales, chartered under the banking laws that proliferated after the country's 1905 monetary reorganization. Its notes circulated primarily within the coffee-producing departments of the Colombian interior, where local credit instruments often moved more reliably than distant Bogotá-issued currency.
The American Bank Note Company handled an enormous share of Latin American paper at this period, and Caldas's contract was one of dozens running simultaneously through the New York plant. What distinguishes this issue is its timing: by 1919, Colombia was already moving toward centralized banking, and private departmental banks like Caldas were operating on borrowed time. The Banco de la República, established in 1923, effectively ended their note-issuing authority.